| Field notes | Roots very tough and wiry, black or very dark maroon-black. Rhizome on surface, erect or leaning, but roots long and penetrating deep into the streambed. Stipe black in basal 5-10 cm, grading into brownish-green and dull pale olive-green and thus into rachis. Stipes within 10degrees og the vertical. Lamina mid green with a slight silky sheen adaxially, more olive green abaxially and most matt. 9-12 fronds/plant, very vigorous. Two planted collected, cut in half |